Theoretically one can achieve strain levels of up to 40 50 before necking appear.
Bulge test in sheet metal forming.
σ1 r1 σ2 r2 p t 1 where σ1 and σ2 are the principle stresses on the sheet.
In a bulge test biaxial stress strain curves are determined on sheet metals using a hydraulic cupping test.
A metal blank specimen is fully clamped between the matrix and the blank holder.
Method a sheet metal specimen is pressed against a silicon bulge different hardness stiffness for different material qualities.
This is to create a hydrostatic pressure against the metal.
Abstract and figures the bulge test is frequently used experiment to characterize the material stress strain response at the highest possible strain levels.
The hydraulic bulge test to iso 16808 is a test method used in materials testing for the determination of sheet metal forming properties.